This is a summary of all bridges built in the U.S.A. with Orthotropic Decks. It lists basic data and statistics for bridges, and a survey of what happened to these orthotropic bridges. The goal is to establish a useful database of listings of all orthotropic bridges. Suggestions, improvements and corrections are appreciated!!

DISCLAIMER: This table is based on information available to the public from libraries, or freely provided. Steel plate was used for bridge decks prior to the AISC "Battle Deck" welded system of 1938. Rivets or bolts were used to make the connections. The German engineers started the use of orthotropic in the 1950s, which has been used by most other countries. A good faith effort has been made to establish and make corrections to this table as needed. Many small bridges never had articles written about them.

Alfred R. Mangus, P.E. is the Facilitator and Chair of the ASCE Orthotropic Bridge Conference, August 2004 in Sacramento, CA - Phone & Fax: 916-961-2723 - asce@asce-sacto.org

State # of Bridges Name of Bridge	Year Opened	Length x Width in Feet	Deck Area in Square Feet	Bridge Type	Location	Status	References
ALABAMA - None
ALASKA - 10
Cordova Ferry Terminal Owner: State of Alaska	1968				Cordova		1,2
Patton Yukon River Owner: State of Alaska Designer: State of Alaska User: Alyeska Pipeline Service Company http://www.alyeska-pipe.com This bridge is open to the public	1976	2295 x 31	68,850	Two steel box girders	Across Yukon River, 6-foot thick river ice	2-lane bridge with Trans-Alaska pipeline. Temperatures to -60F. Designed to accommodate a second pipeline on other side.	3,4
City of Valdez Floating Dock Transfer Bridge Owner: Ciyt of Valdez Designer: ABAM Engineers	Small bridge	200 x 30	6,000	Twin box	Valdez
City of Valdez Floating Dock Transfer Bridge Owner: State of Alaska Designer: ABAM Engineers	Small bridge	200 x 30	6,000	Twin box	Valdez
Kake Ferry Terminal Owner: State of Alaska	Small bridge 1975	166 x 16	~2,700	Ferry transfer/ Moveable	Kake
Metlakatla Ferry Terminal Owner: State of Alaska	Small bridge 1973	166 x 16	~2,700	Ferry transfer/ Moveable	Metlakatla
Hoonah Ferry Terminal Owner: State of Alaska	Small bridge 1973	166 x 16	~2,700	Ferry transfer/ Moveable	Hoonah
Angoon Ferry Terminal Owner: State of Alaska	Small bridge 1976	166 x 16.2	~2,700	Ferry transfer/ Moveable	Angoon
Clark Bay Ferry Terminal Owner: State of Alaska	Small bridge 1977	166 x 16.1	~2,700	Ferry transfer/ Moveable	Clark Bay
Willow Crest Ped. Bridge Owner: State of Alaska	Small bridge 1974	232 x 7.4	~1,800	Pedestrian	Tudor Road Anchorage
Rabbit Creek Bridge Owner: State of Alaska	Small bridge 1972	318 x 7.4	~2,400	Pedestrian	Anchorage
Lathrop Pedestrian Bridge Owner: State of Alaska	Small bridge 1973	238 x 8	~1,900	Pedestrian	Fairbanks Airport Way
Egan Drive Pedestrian Bridge Owner: State of Alaska	Small bridge 1983	132 x 5.6	~800	Pedestrian	Juneau
ARIZONA - None
ARKANSAS - 3 Based on FHWA data - no known article found nor bridge plans							Based on FHWA data - no known article found nor bridge plans
CALIFORNIA - 17
The North I-680 to West I580 Owner: State of California	1967	320 x 34	10,880	Plate girder - 4 spans	Dublin	Built as an experi- mental bridge. Two types of wearing surfaces
Ulatis Creek I-80 (east bound) Owner: State of California Designer: State of California	1967	130 x 34	4,420	Same deck system as San Mateo-Hayward	Vacaville	Five wearing surfaces were tested. Epoxy AC selected. Still used by Caltrans
San Mateo-Hayward Owner: State of California Designer: State of California	1968	5,500 x 85.25	468,875	Two main rectangular box girders	San Francisco Bay	Built by Murphy Pacific "Marine Boss"
San Diego Coronado Owner: State of California Designer: State of California	1969	1,700 x 85.25	144,925	Single cell box girder with deck overhangs	San Diego	Built by Murphy Pacific "Marine Boss"
Queensway Twin Bridges Owner: State of California	1971	2 x 1,200 x 46	110,400			Built by Murphy Pacific "Marine Boss"
Miller-Sweeney Owner: Alameda County	1974	1,275 x 61	7,777		Alameda Island & Okland	Bascule moveable bridge
Braille Trail Owner: Santa Rosa Water Authority Designer: Santa Rosa Water Authority	1977	60 x 6	360		Santa Rosa	Pedestrian
Sacramento River Bridge at Colusa Owner: Colusa County Designer: CH2M Hill	1980	105 x 38.16	4,006		Colusa
Golden Gate Bridge Owner: Golden Gate Bridge Designer: Ammann & Whitney New York City	1985	6,450 x 60	387,000			Redecking Construction inspection by Ammann and Whitney, Caltrans, Bridge District Engineers
BART Weathering Steel Bridges Owner: BART Designer: Tudor Engineers	1972	4 bridges x 11 x 110	4,840	Four single track plate girder bridges	Berkeley	Panelized weathering steel deck system
Maritime Off-Ramp Owner: State of California Designer: Tudor Engineers	1997	2,356 x 36.2	85,287		Oakland - Part of Contract E Cypress	Curved Box - First built in North America, assembled in large pieces
Carquinez Straits Owner: State of California Designer: Parsons and OPAC	2003	3,465 x 95	339,133			Suspension aerodynamic box
SFOBB San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge Owner: State of California	2007	2 x 2,214 x 79	339,902			Self-anchoring suspension aerodynamic box
COLORADO - 1 Based on FHWA data - no known article found nor bridge plans	Small bridge					Based on FHWA data - no known article found nor bridge plans
CONNECTICUT - 1
Covered Bridge Article in James F. Lincoln Arc Welding Book	Small bridge					Existing small timber bridge - orthotropic steel structure built to support it
DELAWARE - None
DIST. OF COLUMBIA - 1 Based on FHWA data - no known article found nor bridge plans						Washington, D.C.
FLORIDA - None
GEORGIA - None
HAWAII - None
IDAHO - None
ILLINOIS - 4 Quantity based on FHWA data - only three found
Troy - experimental	Small bridge					Demolished
McNaughton Owner: State of Illinois DOT Retrofit of corroding deck: http://www.modjeski.com/ projects/offproj/mcnaught.htm		1,320 - two lanes of traffic in each direction	About 63,360	Pekin	Three-span continuous dual steel box beam unit with span lengths of 385,550 and 385 feet.	Orthotropic deck rehabilitated with reinforced concrete 1999 by Modjeski and Masters with Roman Wolchuk
Poplar - see Missouri
INDIANA - None
IOWA - 2
KANSAS - None
KENTUCKY - None
LOUISIANA - 2			259,874
Mississippi River Bridge (Luling) Cable-Stayed Owner: State of Louisiana DOT Designer consultants My contact: Kian_Yap/section25/ladotd/ us%LADOTD@dotd.state.la.us	1983	2,745 x 82	225,090	Cable stayed weathering steel across the Mississippi River	Luling About 50 mies upstream of New Orleans	Deck repair - 1994 New wearing surface 1999
Industrial Canal (Danziger) Vertical Lift Owner: State of Louisiana DOT Designer: Sverdrup (Now Jacobs Engineering)	1989	323 x 108	34,884	3 box girders	New Orleans	Vertical Lift Moveable Bridge
MAINE - None
MARYLAND - 1
Sparrows Point (Behtlehem Steel Corporation) Owner: Bethlehem Steel Corp. Designer: Bethlehem Steel Corp.	Small bridge					Test Bridge 3.5 inch deep ribs. Deck failed and removed - they were too shallow.
MASSACHUSETTS - None
Amesbury Chain Suspension	About 2000	243 x 30		Suspension		Re-decking Roman Wolchuk
MICHIGAN - 2
Creitz Road	Small bridge			Plate Girder		Prototpye Bridge
MINNESOTA - None
MISSISSIPPI - None
MISSOURI - 1
Popular Street	About 1967	2 bridges x 2,165 x 56	242,480	Twin bridges - each with twin box girders	St. Louis across the Mississippi	Main span 600 ft.
MONTANA - None
NEBRASKA - None
NEVADA - None
NEW HAMPSHIRE - None
NEW JERSEY - None
NEW MEXICO - None
NEW YORK - 3
George Washington Owner: Port Authority of New York/New Jersey	1978	total main spans 4,726 x 92	434,837	Suspension	New York City	Re-decking
Throngs Neck Viaducts	1986	Total main spans	485,310	Plate girders		Re-decking
Saticos Parkway over Long Island Expressway	Small bridge				Long Island	Temporary construction bridge launching	Wolchuk
Williamsburg Designer: Steinman - now Parsons http://www.nycroads.com/ crossings/williamsburg	2002	eight lanes		Suspension	New York City	Re-decking 140,000 vehicles per day (AADT) June 10, 2002 at a cost of $1 billion	Parsons
Triborough Bridge	Not started					Re-decking test research
NORTH CAROLINA - None
NORTH DAKOTA - None
OHIO - None
OKLAHOMA - 1
Arkansas River Owner: Kansas City Southern Railway Designer: Roman Wolchuk Steel Supplier & Erector: Bethlehem Steel Com.	1971	2,110 x 17	35,870	Single cell box - 9 varying span lengths (no wearing surface)	Crosses Arkansas River near Redland, OK	Railroad Launched Cooper E-80 erection Engineering by Jackson Durkee	Wolchuk
OREGON - 3
Battle Creek Test Bridge Owner: City of Salem Designer: State Engineers, Oregon DOT	Small bridge				Salem	Prototype 50% Closed Ribs & 50% Open Ribs	Oregon DOT Designers
Fremont Bridge Owner: State of Oregon Designer: Parsons Brinckerhof	1973	2,152 x 77	165,704	Tied- Arch 1,260-foot main span across river	Portland across the Willamette River	Upper deck only - lower deck concrete. Built by Murphy Pacific "Marine Boss"
PENNSYLVANIA - 1
Ben Franklin				Suspension Main span 1,750 feet (original bridge built in 1927)	Philadelphia, PA & Camden New Jersey	Re-decking Bid price $56 million
RHODE ISLAND - None
SOUTH CAROLINA - None
SOUTH DAKOTA - None
TENNESSEE - None
TEXAS - None
UTAH - None
VERMONT - None
VIRGINIA - None
WASHINGTON - 1
Third Tacoma Narrow Bridge Owner: Washington DOT Designer: Parsons http://www.bridgepros.com/ projects/TacomaNarrows/ TacomaNarrows.htm My contact: "Moore, Tim" at mooret@wsdot.wa.gov	April 2007	5,400 x 67.25 Three 12' traffic lanes, two 10' shoulders, and a 10' bicycle/ pedestrian path	363,150	A new suspension bridge is being built parallel to, and 200 feet south of the existing	About $800 million of tax-exempt bond financing	2,800' main span separated by a barrier from shoulders. Orthotropic deck with stiffening truss; total deck weight of 20,000 tons under construction
WEST VIRGINIA - 2 http://www.wvdot.com/3_ roadways/3b4a_bridgetypes.htm	Small bridge
WISCONSIN - None
WYOMING - None
PUERTO RICO - None
TOTAL 55
US Navy (AMMI-SYSTEM)				Research by University of Texas in Austin on "bi-serrated" ribs		Special rib system developed for floating pontoon bridges. Used in Vietnam
Mine Subsidence Bridge Location unknown Designer: Harry S. Powell and Associates Seattle, WA

REFERENCES

1. Wolchuk, R., Design Manual for Orthotropic Steel Plate Deck Bridges, American Institute of Steel Construction , Chicago, IL., 1963.

2. Troitsky, M. S., Orthotropic Bridges - Theory and Design, 2nd ed., The James F. Lincoln Arc Welding Foundation, Cleveland, OH, 1987.

3. ICE. Steel Box Girder Bridges, Proceedings of the International Conference, the Institution of Civil Engineers, Thomas Telford Publishing, London, UK., 1972.

4. Cartledge, P., ed., Proceedings of the International Conference on Steel Box Girder Bridges, the Institution of Civil Engineers, Thomas Telford Publishing London, UK, 1973

5. Hedefine, A., Chapter 11 Orthotropic-plate Girder Bridges, Structural Steel Engineering Handbook, 1st ed., Merritt, Frederick S. Ed., McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, NY., 1972

6. Merritt, F. S. and Geschwindner L. F. 1994 Analysis Of Special Structures", Structural Steel Engineering Handbook, 2nd ed., Merritt, Frederick S. Ed., McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, NY, 1994. Chap. 4

7. Heins, C. and Firmage, D. A., Design of Modern Steel Highway Bridges, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1979.

8. Wolchuk, R. and Mayrbourl, R. M. Proposed Design Specification for Steel Box Girder Bridges, RN FHWA-TS 80-205, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration Washington, D.C., 1980.

9. Milek Jr., W. A., How to Use the AISC Orthotropic Plate Design Manual, AISC Engineering Journal. AISC, 40, 1974.

10. Wolchuk, R., Steel -Plate - Deck Bridges and Steel Box Girder Bridges, Structural Engineering Handbook, 4th Edition, Gaylord, E. H. , Gaylord C. N.; Stallmeyer, J. E., Eds. McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, NY, 1997, chap 19.

11. Xanthakos, P. P., Theory and Design of Bridges, John Wiley & Son , New York, NY, 1994

12. AISC, Highway Structures Design Handbook Volume 1: (Chapter Orthotropic Plate Deck Bridges), American Institute of Steel Construction Marketing Inc., Chicago, IL, 1992

13. Mangus, Alfred, Shawn Sun ÒChapter 14 Orthotropic Deck Bridges, Bridge Engineering HandbookÓ, 1^St ed., Chen, Wai-Fah, Duan Lian Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton Florida, (1999).

14. AASHTO, LFRD Bridge Design Specifications, 2^nd ed., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington D.C., 1998 with updates 1999 for Orthotropic bridges

15. Chatterjee, S. , ÒThe Design of Modern Steel BridgesÓ, BSP Professional Books, Oxford UK 1991 pp. 185

16. Campbell & Associates Engineers - Cordova Ferry Terminal, State of Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities Ð Bridge Section, Juneau, AK, 18 pp., 15. (Dec 1968)

17. Thirty-seven Authors ÒHMS Eighth Biennial Movable Bridge SymposiumÓ proceedings (Nov 8-10, 2000)

18. Carlson, L. A, Platzke, R. and Dreyer, R. C. J., First Bridge Across the Yukon River, Civil Engineering, ASCE, 47, 1976. Connecticut DOT,

20. Ozolin, E.; Wilson, W. and Hutchison, B., Valdez Floating Dock Mooring System, in the Ocean Structural Dynamic Symposium, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, Sept, 1982, 381.

21. Davis R. E., Field Testing Of An Orthotropic Steel Deck Bridge,Vol, 1 and 2, California Department of Public Works, Division of Highway, Bridge Department, Sacramento, CA, 1968.

22. Foley, E. R. and Murphy J. P., World's Longest Orthotropic Section Feature of San Mateo-Hayward Bridge, Civil Engineering, ASCE, 38, 54, 1968.

23. Balala Ben, Studies Leading to Choice of Epoxy Asphalt for pavement of Steel Orthotropic Bridge Deck of San Mateo-Hayward BridgeÓ Highway Research Record No. 28 page 12.

24. Bouwkamp, J. G. Analysis of the Orthotropic Steel Deck of the San Diego - Coronado Bridge, Report No. 67-20, Structural Engineering Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, CA, 1969

25. Bavirisetty, R., San Diego Coronado Bay Bridge Overlay Project (Orthotropic Deck), Structure Notes, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, CA, 1993

27. ENR, Prefab Steel Bridge Girders are Biggest ever Lifted (Queens Way Bridge), Engineering News Record, McGraw Hill, New York, NY, August 27, 197019. Winn, Bernard C., ÒCalifornia Drawbridges (1853-1995) The Link To CaliforniaÕs Maritime PastÓ Incline Press, pp. 178, 1995

28. McCreary Koretsky International Inc. ÒAISC Prize Bridges 1974Ó Moveable bridge category (Miller-Sweeny Bridge) pp. 26

29. Kawar,Ousama H. ÒSpecifications For The Resurfacing Of Bridge Deck with Epoxy Urethane Co-Polymer System On Fruitvale Avenue Bridge (Bridge No. 33C-0147) Between The Cities Of Alameda And Oakland, Alameda County CaliforniaÓ (Miller Sweeny Bridge page) Alameda County, pp. 117,1997

31. Construction Marketing of Bethlehem Steel Corporation in cooperation with Universal Structural Inc. Steel Bridge Report BG-502 - Cypress Reconstruction - Contract E" (Maritime Off- Ramp ), Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Bethlehem, PA, 1997

32. Marquez, T., Huang, C., Beauvoir, C., Benoit, M. and Mangus, A., California's 2356 Foot Long Orthotropic Bridge for I-880 Cypress Replacement Project (Maritime Off- Ramp), in the Proceedings of 15th International Bridge Conference, Pittsburgh, VA, 1998

33. Marquez, T., Williams, J., Huang, C., Benoit, M. and Mangus, A., Unique Steel Curved Orthotropic Bridge for I-880 Cypress Replacement Project (Maritime Off- Ramp), in the Proceedings of International Steel Bridge Symposium , the National Steel Bridge Alliance, Chicago, IL, 1998

34. Bender O., Removable Section - Sacramento River Bridge at Colusa, Arc Welded in Manufacturing and Construction, II, James F. Lincoln Arc Welding, Cleveland, OH, 1984

35. T. Y. Lin International- Moffat & Nichcols, San Francisco - Oakland Bay Bridge Structure Type Selection Report to Caltrans, San Francisco, CA, May 1998

36. DeLeuw Cather - OPAC Ñ Steinman, Third Carquinez Strait Bridge Structure Type Selection Report - Caltrans Contract No. 59A0007, San Francisco, CA, 1997

37. Lin, T.Y.; Kulka, F.; Chow P.; Firmage A., Design of Ruck-A-Chucky Bridge, American River, California USA,48TH Annual Convention of the Structural Engineers Association of California, Sacramento, pp 133-146, 1979

39. ASCE, Bridge (discusses the Luling Bridge), Civil Engineering, ASCE, 31, July 1984

40. ENR, Stayed -Girders Reaches Record (discusses the Luling Bridge), Engineering News Record, McGraw Hill, New York, NY, April 8, 1992

41. Garrido, Louis ÒDanziger Bridge a View from the TowerÓ Modern Steel Construction AISC , Number 1, Chicago, Illinois pp. 23-28 (1989)

42. Fisher, Thomas, A. ÒChelsea Street Bridge ReplacementÓ Paper # IBC-98-66 of 15^th Annual Internal Bridge Conference and Exhibition June 15-17 1998 [ Boston, Massachusetts]

43. Wolchuk, R., Applications of Orthotropic Decks in Bridge Rehabilitation, Engineering Journal, AISC, 24(3), 113, 1987 [Amesbury Chain Suspension Redecking]

45. JFL, Orthotropic Bridge designed as solution to concrete deterioration (Crietz Road), Modern Welded Steel Structure, III, James F. Lincoln Arc Welding Foundation, Cleveland, OH, 1970, B-10

46. Risch J. E. 1971; Final Report of Experimental Orthotropic Bridge S05 of 23081 A Crietz Road crossing over I-496 three miles west of the city limits of Lansing, Michigan DOT project 67 G-157; FHWA Project I 496-7(21), 1971

47. Connor, Robert J. , Fisher John W. , ÒResults of Field Measurements Williamsburg Bridge Replacement Orthotropic Deck -Final Report on Phase IIIÓ ATLSS Report No. 01-01 Lehigh University (Jan 2001)

48. Kaczinski, Mark R., Stokes Frank E., Lugger Peter Fisher John W. , ÒWilliamsburg Bridge Replacement Orthotropic Deck FatigueÓ ATLSS Report No. 97-04 December 1997 Lehigh University

49. Tsakopoulos, Paul A. , Fisher John W. , ÒWilliamsburg Bridge Replacement Orthotropic Deck As-built full-scale Fatigue Test Final Report on Phase IIÓ ATLSS Report No. 99-02 June 1999 Lehigh University

50. Wolchuk, R., Temporary Bridge with Orthotropic Deck, The Welding Innovation Quarterly, , IX(2), 19, 1992. [ New York Bridge ]

REFERENCES ON STUDIES OF BRIDGES WITH STEEL DECKS [PRIOR TO ÒORTHOTROPIC ANALYSISÓ]

51. Paul, E. E. ÒLight Steel Floor Governs Long Lift-Span DesignÓ , Engineering News Record May 14, 1931 pp. 796 to 798 , New York, NY

52. Veeder, H. G. Jr. ÒCantilever Erection of a 534 FT Lift SpanÓ , Engineering News Record May 14, 1931 pp. 798 to 800 , New York, NY

53. unknown ÒLift Span Erected by New ProcedureÓ , Engineering News Record May 7, 1936 pp. 671 to 673 , New York, NY

54. Bowden, E. Warren ÒRoadways on BridgesÓ (Part 1), Engineering News Record March 17, 1938 pp. 395 to 399 , New York, NY

55. Bowden, E. Warren ÒRoadways on Bridges -IIÓ (Part 2), Engineering News Record March 17, 1938 pp. 442 to 444 , New York, NY

56. Ashton, N. L. ÒArc Welding in Design, Manufacturing and ConstructionÓ Chapter VII, ÒArc Welded Steel Plate Floors Applied to Bridges and Viaducts, Ò The James F. Lincoln Arc Welding Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, 1939, pp. 543-561

58. Wolchuk, Roman, ÓOld Bridges Give Clues to Steel Deck PerformanceÓ AISC Journal October 1964 pp. 137 to 140 Chicago, Illinois Wolchuk, R

59. Wolchuk, R., Orthotropic Redecking of Bridges on the North American Continent, Structural Engineering International, IABSE, 2(2), 125, 1992.

60. Gaul, Robert W. ÒEpoxy Asphalt Concrete A Polymer Concrete with 25 years experienceÓ American Concrete Institute Technical Session ÒPolymer Concrete OverlaysÓ Minneapolis MN conference reprint by Chemco Systems Inc. Ð Redwood City CA., (Nov 11, 1993)

61. Chemco Systems Inc. Ð Redwood City California ÒEpoxy AsphaltÓ reprint of papers including ÒEpoxy Asphalt Concrete A Polymer Concrete with 25 years experienceÓ Gaul, Robert W. American Concrete Institute Technical Session ÒPolymer Concrete OverlaysÓ November 11, 1993 Minneapolis MN conference.

62. Hicks, R. Gary, Dussek, Ian J., Seim Charles ÒAsphalt Surfaces on Steel Bridge Decks Ó Transportation Research Record 1740, paper No. 00-0389, pp135-142, Wash. D. C.( 1999)

63. Wolchuk, R., ÒCriteria for Surface Selection on Steel Orthotropic DecksÓ Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington D. C. (Jan 7-11, 2001)

64. Wolchuk, R., ÒSteel Orthotropic Decks Ð Developments in the 1990ÕsÓ Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington D. C. (1999)

65. Wolchuk, R., Lessons from Weld Cracks in Orthotropic Decks on Three European Bridges, The Welding Innovation Quarterly, II(I), 1990